Are the nature of neurological disorders in young people changing worldwide?

Between 1990 and 2021, the burden of neurological diseases among adolescents and young adults underwent profound changes. Infections such as meningitis, rabies, and tetanus have declined sharply due to vaccines and improved healthcare. Conversely, complications related to premature birth, neonatal encephalopathies, and developmental disorders are on the rise. These conditions, often contracted in early childhood, leave lasting sequelae that manifest during adolescence and early adulthood.

Headaches, particularly migraines and tension headaches, remain the most common disorders in 2021. Their prevalence is stable, but their impact on quality of life is significant. Gender differences are pronounced: multiple sclerosis progresses faster in women, while alcohol-related disorders are decreasing more rapidly in men. Regional inequalities also persist. Low-income countries still concentrate cases of infectious diseases, while wealthy countries see an increase in chronic and behavioral disorders.

Complications from prematurity and neonatal encephalopathies are now among the leading causes of disability in young people. These conditions, often linked to insufficient perinatal care, result in cognitive and motor difficulties that persist. Conversely, disorders such as anorexia or bulimia, as well as autism spectrum disorders, are better diagnosed and managed, but their frequency also appears to be increasing.

Migraines and epilepsies pose a particular challenge. Although their numbers have not surged, their long-term management requires rigorous medical follow-up and equitable access to treatments. Pharmacists play an increasing role in supporting patients by helping to optimize medications and improve treatment adherence.

This epidemiological transition highlights the importance of strengthening prevention, early detection, and access to specialized care. Healthcare systems must adapt to meet the specific needs of young people by integrating personalized approaches and training professionals in the management of chronic neurological disorders. The challenge is to limit disabilities and improve the autonomy of affected youth while reducing disparities between regions and genders.

Credits

Source Study

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-026-02104-4

Title: Global burden shift from infectious to non-communicable neurological disorders in adolescents and young adults (10–24 years): findings from the global burden of disease study 1990–2021

Journal: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Authors: Tao Gu; Ruiqi Jiang; Yue Tian; Zhigang Zhao; Li Wang; Mingnan Cao